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Peer ton Peer (English more peer "„on an equal footing one "“, "„equal ones "“or "„Altersgenosse/-in "“) designates communication under resembling.

In a Peer ton Peer net all computers are equal and can take both services up and make services available. The computers can be used as work stations, in addition, be transferred tasks in the net.

In the information technology the opposite is to the Peer ton Peer principle the Client server principle. Here there is the server, which offers a service, and which Client, which uses this service. In Peer ton Peer nets this distribution of roles is waived. Each host in a computer net is more peer, because it can be at the same time Client and servers.

Characterisation of Peer ton Peer systems

  • There is no central data base, each Peer makes available a part of the existing information. No Peer administers (or knows) total stocks.
  • There is no central instance, which steers or coordinates interactions.
  • Peers are autonomous.
  • No Peer has (necessarily) an overview of the overall system. Each Peer knows only the Peers, with which he interacts.
  • The behavior of the system results dynamically from the combination of the interactions between the Peers.
  • Peers, connections and information are not reliable.

Application

General information

Peer ton Peer nets are particularly suitable for small nets with a small number of work stations. They are often used in home nets and small firm nets.

Predivide a Peer ton Peer net are:

  • Small costs: Since the tasks of the net are distributed on several computers, no additional hardware is needed.
  • Smaller license costs: The license costs are lowered, since no expensive server OS License is needed.
  • Simple installation: The mechanism is not relatively simple and it special knowledge of a network operating system is needed.

Disadvantages of a Peer ton Peer net are:

  • Slower personal computers: Since the computers must master additional tasks, their performance suffers.
  • Small security: That access to individual data and services can be regulated only with difficulty and cannot not central be administered.
  • Difficult Backup: Since the data are distributed over several computers, it is more difficult to accomplish regular Backups.
  • Difficult software updates

Exchange stock exchanges

P2P became popular by exchange stock exchanges, with which the participants copy among themselves files. Thereby the large portion of information, which is actually in copyright matters protected, is problematic and so in most countries might not be made available. In particular the film and music industry sees itself the playing, in addition, damaged by the free spreading of its works. Communication can be made with such either by a server or be completely decentralized. The advantage of the latter is that there is no individual mechanism, on which the entire net is dependent, and it is also almost impossible therefore, the net in its function to interrupt. The net is in this way fail safe and substantially more difficult to supervise.

P2P-Tauschnetze can be also so-called Darknets. These are usually used only by among themselves particularly familiar users and to place perhaps not a net supervisable with technical means.

Communication

Since short the P2P-Technik is used also for the Internettelefonie (VoIP). Skype, Gizmo or Jajah make calls possible from computer to computer. This functions also independently of Proxys, Firewalls in routing or the like between the two computers.

Groupware

Some (modern) Groupware systems build likewise on the P2P-Konzept on (see for this Groove Workspace).

Remote maintenance (remote control)

Some remote maintenance systems use the P2P-Konzept, in order to increase the speed of the data over conference and to achieve a higher coding of the data at the same time. The connecting admission first over a server guided that the basic conditions of remote maintenance to organize has (for example codings). Afterwards the connection is handed over to both terminals.

Software distribution

Also commercial software offerers use in the meantime the P2P-Konzept, in order to relieve their servers.

Standardisation

The future of the P2P-Technik will above all depend on it, whether succeeds, a standard to define - a kind platform technology, which makes it possible to put further applications on.

JXTA is such a standard, which is supported strongly by Sun and open SOURCE is. Sun manufactured to time most extensive and most stable reference implementation.

Literature

  • Ralf stone-cutter, Klaus Wehrle: Peer ton Peer Networking & - Computing. Current key word. Computer science spectrum of 27 (1): 51-54 (2004)
  • Cai Ziegler: Smarte of swarms. The technology behind modern Peer ton Peer nets. In: c't. Heise publishing house, 16/21/2005, P. 160-164,
  • Ralf stone-cutter, Klaus Wehrle (Hrsg.): Peer ton Peer of system and Applications. Lecture Notes in computer Science No. 3485. Springer publishing house, Berlin September 2005, ISBN 3-540-29192-X
  • Detlef Schoder, dock fish brook, Rene pond man: Peer ton Peer. Springer, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-540-43708-8
  • Schahram Dustdar, Harald Gall, Manfred Hauswirth: Sorftware architectures for distributed systems
. Springer, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-540-43088-1

See also:

  • Grid Computing
  • File sharing

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