When electronic trade (also Internet sales, electronic market place, virtual market place, E-Commerce, E-Business) the virtual purchase procedure via long-distance data transmission within the distribution politics marketing designated. Here over Internet is completed a direct handels or service relationship between offerers and customers. In the broader sense it covers each kind of business transaction, with which the transaction partners use contribution electronic communicationses in the framework of achievement preparation, - agreement or -. The term electronics of the Business for this frequently which can be found in the literature became popular by a IBM advertising campaign in the 90's of the past century.

Definition

Electronic business processes know both from the enterprise-internal perspective (Supply chain management, E-Procurement) and from the enterprise-external perspective (electronic market places, E-stroke, E-Commerce etc.) to be seen. A defining definition is however difficult to find. The term of the electronic market for the first time defined by the work of Malone, Yates and Benjamin admits, however not more near. In these work on the existence by electronic markets and electronic hierarchies, by the employment of the information and communication technology, one closed. The Werbekampagne of IBM in the year 1998 touched down on the term of the "“E-Commerce"” used since approximately 1995, which is seen today as subsection of the E-Business.

The term of the Onlineshop is here the eingedeutschte English name for the goods selling by the Internet operational readiness level of a dealer. Further names for the organizational conversion are Webshop and E-Shop (for electronics Shop) and/or rarely verdeutscht E-shop.

The characteristics with the electronic trade in relation to the traditional outlets are the enormous flexibility on the offer side, as well as a substantial reduction of the transaction costs with business partners. For example also travel or telephone costs is lowered to the acquisition and achievement presentation. - The spatial distances are to be overcome and required with physical capabilities nevertheless appropriate logistics capacities.

Due to the meanwhile extremely high market penetration of Internet connections in Germany, straight also under private households, became generally accepted the E-Commerce in the C2C and B2C market here first over on-line auction platforms. With institutional business partners in the B2B market advertisements and business preparations are completed likewise ever more frequently via Internet and some large-scale enterprises to leave already no more suppliers too, who do not take part this way in the assignment.

In the industriellen range can in such a way query, into its data base or CAD/CAM/CAQ systems for planning transfer the offerer in the direct contact with the customer technical specifications, delivery desires and pretty often also a demanded co-operation with other offerers and provide in shortest time custom-made offers, without field service attendance or searches.

This paragraph medium wins due to the high availability of the Internet in Europe increasingly in meaning for the consumer goods sales and likewise punctually for subsequent business in the capital goods sales is used.

Today one usually understands all methods of the completion about business and administrative procedures by electronic trade over electronic channels, whereby that is generally regarded to Internet or at least the techniques and minutes a substantial role used in the Internet to play and the information technology as a condition. An important aspect here is the abolition of medium breaks, how they are typical in the conventional Besides the interferences are to be reduced by humans into the business procedure to the necessary minimum. One speaks in this case of Straight Through processing. In addition however a large integration of the business functions is necessary.

If one links for this purpose application systems from different functional areas or over enterprise borders away, it concerns a classical application field of Enterprise Application integration (EAI). Enterprise content management (ECM) is regarded as one of the fundamental technologies for E-Businesses.

Economic bases

Economical bases

The understanding for the special characteristics of E-Businesses arises from the break with the neoclassical This presupposes among other things homogeneous goods, perfect transparency of the market and the absence of preferences and goes thereby on a high, but abstraction level out of touch with reality. A closer-to-reality description of the economic life makes the new possible

In the context of the the transaction costs play important Rolle.Das Internet can costs of a transaction in the search and preparation phase lower. Also in the completion phase chances exist to lowering of the transaction costs. Altogether the costs of market transactions and the co-ordination sink over markets become more favourable.

Economical bases

A goal of a transformation of an enterprise to electronic trade is the lowering of the costs in the enterprise. Measures around this lowering to reach cover above all the optimization more insisting and creation of new business processes on basis of the Internet technologies. By this integration of the business functions along the creation of value chain is a more efficient to be achieved. A further aspect is the fixed cost degression. Thus the removing meaning of the relatively high fixed costs is meant, since the variable costs in the electronic trade play a rather small role.

The advantages for enterprises can be:

• New communication with customers
• Increase of the customer satisfaction
• Increase of the firm image
• Development of new outlets
• Production of new customers
• Conversion increase
• Efficiency increase

"“Digital splitting"”

The term "“digital splitting"” (often also English: "“digitally divide"”) designates the division of the world in with the use of electronic media progressed further and less part developed far. Economists assume the use of E-Business the growth of national economies increased and so already far developed countries their in relation to projection/lead fewer developed countries continues to increase. (see digital gap). Whether this phenomenon will lead really on a long-term basis to an enlargement of the distance between national economies or within a society is questionable. Finally already with other mass media similarly argued e.g. under the references "“radio divide"” or "“television divide"”. Always one determined, those groups/national economies, which allegedly a disadvantage from a non--access had with the purge of the prices and the simplification in the handling also users became.

Different market places

Dependent on the kind of the business partners one speaks of B2B, B2C, C2B or With open market places each market participant can register itself and participate, become with closed market places only certain, selected participants invited and/or certified. A horizontal market place illustrates individual business processes, for example with the focus procurement: In a horizontal procurement market place enterprises on the buyer side participate, which can to come from different industries and access a common group of suppliers. In contrast to it, a vertical market place illustrates different business processes of only one industry or group of users.

After years, while developed for the one multiplicity of market places, flew the large E-Business-euphoria of the 1990er meanwhile are, one now generally assumes after a concentration process only few large market places will survive. Besides however increasingly also still specialized niche offerers might be established.

Today the situation changed clearly: the technology, in order to realize an electronic market place, became very many more favorable. In addition the trend comes to network different offers over standardized interfaces (APIs) so that a common market place with high offer density (e.g. Amazon Marketplace) develops. Vormals independent market places are integrated besides increasingly into spreading portal solutions.

E-Business according to kind of the participants

The electronic trade can be categorized according to kind of the participants

• Consumer (customer)
  • C2C Consumer ton Consumer, consumer at consumers
  • C2B Consumer ton Business, consumer at enterprises
  • C2A Consumer ton administration, consumer at government

• Business (salesman, enterprise)
  • B2C Business ton Consumer, enterprise at consumers
  • B2B Business ton Business, enterprise at enterprises
  • B2A Business ton administration, enterprise on Administration
  • B2E Business ton Employee, enterprise at coworkers

• Administration (government)
  • A2C administration ton Consumer, government at consumers
  • A2B administration ton Business, government at enterprises
  • A2A administration ton administration, government at government

Logical way gives it also electronically supported business processes of other categories, for example to consumers to public administration in form of the electronic tax declaration, but the abbreviation A2C or others of the combinations specified above is not generally common (still).

Articles in category "Electronic trade"

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