Ajax [] is a Apronym for the word sequence Asynchronous Javascript and XML. It designates a concept of the asynchronous data communication between a server and the Browser, which it makes possible to accomplish within a HTML side a HTTP inquiry without the side to load completely again to have. The actual new fact exists in the fact that only certain parts of a HTML side or also pure utilizable data are gradually if necessary reloaded.

The structure of an Ajax application

With Ajax different well-known technologies are used, in order to realize interactive, Desktop similar applications of Web. These obtain so the impression, as if the problem of the conditionless application of Web was repaired.

An Ajax application is based on the following Web techniques:

• HTML (or XHTML)
• Document Object Model for the representation of the data and/or contents.
• Javascript for the manipulation document of the Object Models and for the dynamic representation of contents. Javascript serves at the same time as interface between individual components.
• The XMLHttpRequest object, a component of many Browser, in order to be able to exchange data on asynchronous basis with the Web server.
• Another transportation method is on and JavaScriptAjax Patterns - on and Javascript, with which a Javascript file is requested by cathedral manipulation.

During the asynchronous transmission of the data different procedures were established:

• Remainder-similar procedures, in order to transmit utilizable data into text form.
• JSON is, a text-based format for data and objects, cut to Javascript.
• Various XML of formats.
• SOAP is, the standardized exchange format for Web services, which is based on XML.
• To exchange HTML around fragments of the current side.

In connection with Ajax applications also different Web technologies are used, which have causally however no connection with Ajax:

• CSS for formatting a web page.
• XSLT for data manipulation.

History

Origins

From whom the term creation Ajax originally comes, is not any longer clearly comprehensibly. Surely however that the term Jesse James save, a coworker of the agency is adaptive Path, in its essay Ajax: A new Approach ton of Web Applications coined/shaped considerably. In principle the technological bases and the proceeding were however already before well-known and with the term XMLHttpRequest were generally described. If one wants so, Garret has the mark Ajax to thus create, in order to summarize so various software technologies under a term.

The idea and the associated technologies, which is the basis for the Ajax concept, give it already in comparable form for approximately 1998. The first component, which made it possible to cause clientseitig a HTTP requirement was based on one of Microsoft developed remote Scripting component Microsoft remote Scripting initial as Java applet converted, by an IFrame element was later replaced. Later this idea was refined by the Outlook Web ACCESS team. This component is part of the Microsoft Exchange server and became also soon, in form of a XML support, as a component of the Internet Explorer 4,0 delivering Microsoft: XML version that acres included with Microsoft Internet Explorer Knowledge cousin Q269238 - version cunning for the Microsoft XML more parser. Some observers classify Outlook Web ACCESS as a first successful representative of the Ajax concept. Nevertheless these very early conversions of the concept were not based partly yet on the XMLHttpRequest object.

First Ajax applications

Later applications followed such as Oddposts Webmail product. In the year 2005 the term Ajax was increasingly present by some trailblazing events in the media. On the one hand used Google the asynchronous communication paradigm in some well-known interactive applications as for example Google Groups, Google map, Google Suggest, Gmail and Google Finance. Of written article attained a certain Bekanntheitsgrad in the Ajax surrounding field in the meantime. In the long run the Ajax support of the Gecko engines in a measure developed, which it makes possible to use the Ajax technology in various way.

Standardisation of the Ajax technologies

Newest standardisation venture of the XMLHTTPRequest object on the part of the W3C and the establishment the open Ajax initiative position name of the enterprise Zimbra, Inc. concerning the open Ajax initiative show that the industry will thus support in the future the Ajax technology into its products to integrate and on broad basis.

Within the range of the standardisation of minutes between Webbrowser and Web servers with direct Ajax programming the communication standard SOAP finds far support Ajax engine on the basis of the Web services technology, there thereby on a server already existing, on Web services the based implementation, to be reused can.

Comparison with conventional applications of Web

Ajax applications arouse the impression that they are completely implemented on the computer of the user. The process river of a traditional application of Web is determined however by the conditionless nature of HTTP minutes. The directly associated Request Response paradigm leads to the fact that with each user action an associated inquiry (English Request) is addressed to the server. If the necessary answer (English Response) of the server retards or if this is missing, then inevitably longer waiting periods develop or in the worst case of breaks in the expiration of application. The described scenario makes it perceptible also for the user that a traditional application of Web was distributed on several ranges - a circumstance, which was to be arranged also errormore tolerant with the Ajax program technology more transparently and thus.

"„Each user action, which would produce usually a HTTP inquiry, is delegated produced now a Javascript call, that to the Ajax engine [...] "“, then it describes in its essay. "„Each answer to an action of the user, which does not require a connection to the server, - as for example validating data, changing data, which are in the memory, and even navigating between individual elements of the web page - all this can be mastered by the Ajax engine. If the Ajax engine needs data of the server, in order to be able successfully to accomplish a certain action - it can itself here for example around transferring data, which must be processed, over or around shop of new data act a reloading of individual components of the user surface -, this accomplishes an asynchronous inquiry, usually in form of a XML document, to the server. However the interaction of the user with application, like this with usual applications of Web the case is not interrupted, [...] "“.

Traditionally applications of Web convey forms, which were filled out before by the user, to a Web server. Web servers answers, by sending one, according to which generated conveyed form data again before, to the Browser of the user web page. Due to the fact that the Web server must with each inquiry on the part of the user a new web page produce and convey, application the user appears altogether as slow-acting and a little intuitive, compares one these with a usual Desktop application.

Ajax applications however are able to send inquiries to the server with which only the data are requested, which are actually needed. Usually this happens by calling SOAP Web services or comparable XML are based a Web service dialect. The Client, thus the Webbrowser, processes the answer of the server directly, but does not channel these through the Javascript process of the Ajax engines. In the result one receives so a user surface, which reacts very many more briskly to user inputs. A reason for this changed behavior is the fact that substantially fewer data between Webbrowser and Web servers must be exchanged. Besides the Web server load is reduced, since many processing steps can be transacted clientseitig.

One imagines for example an application of Web for the administration of photographies. If the user a photo would like to add a description or a title, then the entire side including the pictures would have again to be generated with a traditional programming beginning. With the Ajax technology only the range of the web page is renewed, which also one changed. Side contents are updated in this connection over dynamic HTML. This example illustrated, as it within the repairing RA idiom possible is to be changed, titles of individual pictures.

Articles in category "Ajax (programming)"

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