Internet (abbreviation for English Inter'connected Net'works, i.e. connected networks) is a world-wide, electronic network from each other of independent networks. It serves communication and the exchange of information. Each computer of a network can communicate thereby in principle with every other computer. Communication of the individual computers been made by defined minutes to data exchange.

Colloquially "„Internet is used "“frequently as synonym for the World Wide Web, which is however only one of many services of the Internets.

History

This section is a short summary (see also history of the Internets).

Internet came out from that 1969 ARPANET developed, a project of the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) of the US Department of Defense. It was used for cross-linking by universities and research establishments. A goal of the project was first to use the limited computer capacities meaningfully only in the USA, later then also world-wide. The initial spreading of the Internets is closely connected with the development of the operating system Unix. After that adapts ARPANET 1982 TCP/IP, also the name began itself to intersperse Internet.

After wide-spread a legend the original goal of the project before the background of the cold war existed troublefree communication in the creation of a distributed communication system, over in case of a nuclear war to making possible HTTP: /www.isoc.org/oti/articles/0597/leiner.html Leiner. To reality however predominantly civilian projects were promoted, even if the first knots were financed of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

Rapid lift short that kept to Internet since 1993 by the World Wide Web, WWW, when the first diagramable Webbrowser was published named Mosaic and offered for the free Download. The WWW was developed in the CERN (with Geneva) by Tim Berners Lee. Finally also laymen could access the net, which led with the increasing number from users to many commercial offers in the net. The Webbrowser is called therefore also the killer application of the Internet. Internet is a substantial catalyst of the digital revolution.

New techniques change that Internet and tighten new circle of users: IP-Telefonie, Groupware such as Wikis, Blogs, broadband entrances (for example for Vlogs and video on and), Peer ton Peer cross-linking (particularly for file sharing) and on-line plays (e.g. Games of roles, Egoshooter,"…).

A detailed version of history (in text form) gives it in the article to history of the Internets. One finds a chronological listing of the events in the article chronology of the Internets.

Structure and structure

Internet consists among other things of:

• Firm networks, by which the computers of a company are connected,
• Providernetzwerken, to those the computers of the customers of a Internet Providers are attached and
• University and research networks

At Internet knots the different networks are networked over high performance connections (Backbones). Such a Internet knot can interconnect as many as desired in principle networks. At the DE-CIX in Frankfurt/Main, the largest Internet knot of Germany, there is for example more than hundred networks.

Since that should be as fail safe as possible ARPANET as decentralized network, already when planning it was considered that there should not be a central computer, no central Internet knot as well as no place, at which all connections gathers. This planned was not constantly kept however on the administrative level of the Internet. The Internet corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the responsible organization for the care of the allocation of IP addresses on Domain names, is subordinate at least indirectly to the influence of the US Ministry of Economic Affairs and maintains root servers in numerous countries. In order to limit the influence of the United States on the Domain Name System, the free open root server network was developed.

The netlike structure as well as the heterogeneity of the Internets provide for a very high reliability. For communication between two users of the Internets several possible communication ways mostly exist. Only during the actual data communication one decides, which way is used. Can go through two one behind the other dispatched packets and/or an inquiry and the answer depending upon extent of utilization also different communication ways. Therefore the loss of a physical connection in the Internet has mostly no serious effects, but can by the use of alternative communication ways become balanced.

Private people seize on Internet either over a narrow band (for example by modem or ISDN) or broadband entrance (for example DSL or cable modem) of a Internet Providers too, see also to Internet by call. Companies or state institutions are frequently connected by dedicated line with the Internet. The individual personal computers mostly receive thereby a private IP address, which is masked by NAT. These computers directly cannot be accessed from the Internet, which mostly for safety reasons is desired (see also: Firewall), in addition, some disadvantages has.

Technology

Internet is based on the uniform TCP/IP minutes family, which standardizes the addressing and data exchange between different computers and networks. A large advantage is that communication can happen completely independently of the used operating systems and network technologies.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is an important part of the Internet infrastructure. In order to be able to address a certain computer, identify it IP minutes with a clear IP address. It acts with the today usual version IPv4 around 4 byte (numbers within the range of 0 to 255), which by one point is separately indicated, for example 214.235.81.190. One can understand oneself this number as a kind telephone number with the DNS as directory. The DNS is a distributed data base, which makes a translation mechanism available: A domain name well noticeable for humans (for example "„wikipedia.de "“) can be translated into a IP address and in reverse. This happens - unnoticed by the user - whenever he clicks for instance in the Webbrowser on a new left or enters directly a Web address. The Browser asks first it admitted DNS servers for the IP address and connects themselves then with this address, in order to call contents up.

The Internet standards and minutes of the Internets are described and specified in RFCs.

Articles in category "Internet"

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Related Websites

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• Internet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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• internet.com
  The definitive internet resource.


• The Internet Society
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